Internet Protokol Versi 4 (IPv4) dan Internet Protokol Versi 6 (IPv6)
I. Internet Protokol Versi 4 (IPv4)
IPv4 adalah sebuah jenis pengalamatan jaringan yang digunakan di dalam protokol
jaringan TCP/IP yang menggunakan protokol IP versi 4. IP versi ini memiliki keterbatasan
yakni hanya mampu mengalamati sebanyak 4 miliar host komputer di seluruh dunia.
Contoh alamat IPv4 adalah 192.168.0.3
Pada IPv4 ada 3 jenis Kelas, tergantung dari besarnya bagian host, yaitu kelas A (bagian
host sepanjang 24 bit , IP address dapat diberikan pada 16,7 juta host) , kelas B (bagian host
sepanjang 16 bit = 65534 host) dan kelas C (bagian host sepanjang 8 bit = 254 host ).
Administrator jaringan mengajukan permohonan jenis kelas berdasarkan skala jaringan yang
dikelolanya. Konsep kelas ini memiliki keuntungan yaitu : pengelolaan rute informasi tidak
memerlukan seluruh 32 bit tersebut, melainkan cukup hanya bagian jaringannya saja, sehingga
besar informasi rute yang disimpan di router, menjadi kecil. Setelah address jaringan diperoleh,
maka organisasi tersebut dapat secara bebas memberikan address bagian host pada masingmasing
hostnya.
Perbandingan IPv4 dan IPv6
Pemberian alamat dalam internet mengikuti format IP address (RFC 1166). Alamat ini
dinyatakan dengan 32 bit (bilangan 1 dan 0) yang dibagi atas 4 kelompok (setiap kelompok
terdiri dari 8 bit atau oktet) dan tiap kelompok dipisahkan oleh sebuah tanda titik. Untuk
memudahkan pembacaan, penulisan alamat dilakukan dengan angka desimal, misalnya
100.3.1.100 yang jika dinyatakan dalam binary menjadi
01100100.00000011.00000001.01100100. Dari 32 bit ini berarti banyaknya jumlah maksimum
alamat yang dapat dituliskan adalah 2 pangkat 32, atau 4.294.967.296 alamat. Format alamat ini
terdiri dari 2 bagian, netid dan hostid. Netid sendiri menyatakan alamat jaringan sedangkan
hostid menyatakan alamat lokal (host/router). Dari 32 bit ini, tidak boleh semuanya angka 0 atau
1 (0.0.0.0 digunakan untuk jaringan yang tidak dikenal dan 255.255.255.255 digunakan untuk
broadcast). Dalam penerapannya, alamat internet ini diklasifikasikan ke dalam kelas (A-E)..
Alasan klasifikasi ini antara lain :
· Memudahkan sistem pengelolaan dan pengaturan alamat-alamat.
· Memanfaatkan jumlah alamat yang ada secara optimum (tidak ada alamat yang
terlewat).
· Memudahkan pengorganisasian jaringan di seluruh dunia dengan membedakan jaringan
tersebut termasuk kategori besar, menengah, atau kecil.
· Membedakan antara alamat untuk jaringan dan alamat untuk host/router.
Pada tabel dibawah dijelaskan mengenai ketersediaan IPv4 berdasarkan data dari APNIC
sampai akhir tahun 1999 yang lalu dan total IP yang sudah dialokasikan ke tiap – tiap negara di
Asia Pasifik.
II.5 Internet Protokol Versi 6 (IPv6)
Transisi IPv4 ke IPv6 merupakan fenomena yang tidak dapat dielakan oleh semua
kalangan. Walaupun IPv4 tetap dapat digunakan, IPv6 memiliki versi design berbeda dan
memiliki kegunaan lebih dibanding IPv4. Disertai dengan tumbuhnya inovasi-inovasi perangkat
berteknologi, maka Negara-negara di dunia dituntut mampu bersaing atau setidaknya secara
bertahap mulai untuk mengimplementasikan IPv6. Menurut jurnal Internet Protocol,
diperkirakan tak sampai tahun 2011, jatah alamat IP yang masih belum digunakan saat ini akan
habis. Maka muncullah suatu metode peangalamatan baru yang dikenal dengan sebutan IPv6. Di
Indonesia, salah satu penyedia jasa Internet, Indosat Mega Media (Indosat M2), sejak 2004 telah
siap menyewakan jaringan IPv6 ini.
IPv6 merupakan metode pengalamatan IP yang perlahan-lahan mulai menggantikan IPv4.
IPv6 digunakan sebagai pengalamatan karena keterbatasan jumlah IP yang dimiliki oleh IPv4,
mengingat semakin bertambahnya perangkat berbasis IP saat ini. IPv6 atau Internet Protocol
version 6 adalah protokol Internet terbaru yang merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut dari
protokol yang dipakai saat ini, IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). Pengalamatan IPv6
menggunakan 128-bit alamat yang jauh lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan pengalamatan 32-bit
milik IPv4. Dengan kapasitas alamat IP yang sangat besar pada IPv6, setiap perangkat yang
dapat terhubung ke Internet (komputer desktop, laptop, personal digital assistant, atau telepon
seluler GPRS/3G) bisa memiliki alamat IP yang tetap. Sehingga, cepat atau lambat setiap
perangkat elektronik yang ada dapat terhubung dengan Internet melalui alamat IP yang unik.
Protokol IPv6 ini memiliki beberapa fitur baru yang merupakan perbaikan dari IPv4,diantaranya
:
•Memiliki format header baru
Header pada IPv6 memiliki format baru yang didesain untuk menjaga agar overhead header
minimum, dengan menghilangkan field-field yang tidak diperlukan serta beberapa field opsional
Perbandingan IPv4 dan IPv6
yang ditempatkan setelah header IPv6. Header IPv6 sendiri besarnya adalah dua kali dari besar
header dari IPv4.
•Range alamat yang sangat besar
IPv6 memiliki 128-bit atau 16-byte untuk masing-masing alamat IP source dan destination.
Sehingga secara logika IPv6 dapat menampung sekitar 3.4 x 1038 kemungkinan kombinasi
alamat.
•Pengalamatan secara efisien dan hierarkis serta infrastruktur routing
Alamat global dari IPv6 yang digunakan pada porsi IPv6 di Internet, didesain untuk
menciptakan infrastruktur routing yang efisien, hierarkis, dan mudah dipahami oleh
pengembang.
• Konfigurasi pengalamatan secara stateless dan statefull
IPv6 mendukung konfigurasi pengalamatan secara statefull, seperti konfigurasi alamat
menggunakan server DHCP, atau secara stateless yang tanpa menggunakan server DHCP. Pada
konfigurasi kedua, host secara otomatis mengkonfigurasi dirinya sendiri dengan alamat IPv6
untuk link yang disebut dengan alamat link-lokal dan alamat yang diturunkan dari prefik yang
ditransmisikan oleh router local.
•Built-in security
Dukungan terhadap IPsec memberikan dukungan terhadap keamanan jaringan dan menawarkan
interoperabilitas antara implementasi IPv6 yang berbeda.
• Dukungan yang lebih baik dalam hal QoS
Pada header IPv6 terdapat trafik yang di identifikasi menggunakan field Flow Label, sehingga
dukungan QoS dapat tetap diimplementasikan meskipun payload paket terenkripsi melalui
IPsec.
• Protokol baru untuk interaksi node
Pada IPv6 terdapat Protokol Neighbor Discovery yang menggantikan Address Resolution
Protokol.
• EkstensibilitasIPv6 dapat dengan mudah ditambahkan fitur baru dengan menambahkan
header ekstensi setelah header IPv6. Ukuran dari header ekstensi IPv6 ini hanya terbatasi oleh
ukuran dari paket IPv6 itu sendiri.
Sunday, 24 November 2013
Saturday, 23 November 2013
Master Boot Record, Windows™ 7 or 8 MBR ( Master Boot Record )How to Fix the Master Boot Record in Windows
What is Master Boot Record:
The Master Boot Record (MBR) is the first 512 bytes of a storage device. The MBR is not a partition; it is reserved for the operating system's bootloader and the storage device's partition table.
This page examines the Windows 7 MBR code. (We had this page near completion, but lost it during our last move in May, 2010. Now even the Windows 7 RC versions have expired! This page is still a work in progress, but you'll find interesting facts about the code and a clear layout of each assembly instruction as with all our previous MBR/VBR pages.)
Whenever you install Windows 7 to a hard disk, even one with an existing MBR, its first sector may be overwritten with the Windows 7 MBR code. (Note: If necessary, it will also change the Volume Boot Record of an existing Active Windows boot OS; usually found in the first partition of a PC's first hard disk.) This code is also installed on blank hard drives when using Windows 7's Disk Management utility.
NOTE: On our Windows 7 RC Install DVD, all 512 bytes of this MBR (including the zero-bytes in the partition table) were found in boot\bootsect.exe, sources\upgdriver.dll and sources\winsetup.dll; see below for more files containing this code.
Like all other MBRs presented in this series, this MBR code could still be used to boot any OS on some x86 PCs if it meets the conditions listed
How to Fix the Master Boot Record in Windows:
One useful and often necessary thing you can do in the Windows Recovery Console is fix a corrupt or damaged master boot record (MBR). The MBR plays a role in starting your PC and what happens when it’s damaged. Recovery is entirely possible if you can access the Recovery Console and you know which command to type for your version of Windows.
In Windows 7 and Windows Vista, type the following command at the Recovery Console prompt:
BOOTREC /FIXMBR
Type the command exactly as written: BOOTREC, a space, a forward slash, and then FIXMBR not followed by a period. Press Enter.
In Windows XP, you type the following command to fix the master boot record at the Recovery Console prompt:
FIXMBR
Press the Enter key and then press Y and Enter to confirm.
For all versions of Windows, this command works instantly. You see another command prompt displayed. Type exit to quit the command prompt. Restart the PC if it doesn’t restart automatically.
When the computer restarts, whatever problems afflicted the MBR should be gone. For example, if you were removing a boot manager program, it no longer appears when the PC first starts.
No danger is involved in fixing the MBR; if it wasn’t damaged, running the FIXMBR command doesn’t screw anything up (well, unless something else is wrong with the boot drive).
The Master Boot Record (MBR) is the first 512 bytes of a storage device. The MBR is not a partition; it is reserved for the operating system's bootloader and the storage device's partition table.
This page examines the Windows 7 MBR code. (We had this page near completion, but lost it during our last move in May, 2010. Now even the Windows 7 RC versions have expired! This page is still a work in progress, but you'll find interesting facts about the code and a clear layout of each assembly instruction as with all our previous MBR/VBR pages.)
Whenever you install Windows 7 to a hard disk, even one with an existing MBR, its first sector may be overwritten with the Windows 7 MBR code. (Note: If necessary, it will also change the Volume Boot Record of an existing Active Windows boot OS; usually found in the first partition of a PC's first hard disk.) This code is also installed on blank hard drives when using Windows 7's Disk Management utility.
NOTE: On our Windows 7 RC Install DVD, all 512 bytes of this MBR (including the zero-bytes in the partition table) were found in boot\bootsect.exe, sources\upgdriver.dll and sources\winsetup.dll; see below for more files containing this code.
Like all other MBRs presented in this series, this MBR code could still be used to boot any OS on some x86 PCs if it meets the conditions listed
How to Fix the Master Boot Record in Windows:
One useful and often necessary thing you can do in the Windows Recovery Console is fix a corrupt or damaged master boot record (MBR). The MBR plays a role in starting your PC and what happens when it’s damaged. Recovery is entirely possible if you can access the Recovery Console and you know which command to type for your version of Windows.
In Windows 7 and Windows Vista, type the following command at the Recovery Console prompt:
BOOTREC /FIXMBR
Type the command exactly as written: BOOTREC, a space, a forward slash, and then FIXMBR not followed by a period. Press Enter.
In Windows XP, you type the following command to fix the master boot record at the Recovery Console prompt:
FIXMBR
Press the Enter key and then press Y and Enter to confirm.
For all versions of Windows, this command works instantly. You see another command prompt displayed. Type exit to quit the command prompt. Restart the PC if it doesn’t restart automatically.
When the computer restarts, whatever problems afflicted the MBR should be gone. For example, if you were removing a boot manager program, it no longer appears when the PC first starts.
No danger is involved in fixing the MBR; if it wasn’t damaged, running the FIXMBR command doesn’t screw anything up (well, unless something else is wrong with the boot drive).
Struktur Paket pada IPv6
Seiring dengan bejalannya perluasan address menjadi 128 bit, maka pada IPv6 struktur paket pun mengalami perbaikan pula. Selain itu, field yang jarang dipakai pada IPv4 pun dihapus, dan diganti dengan field yang mendukung komunikasi real time.
Pada header IPv4, ketika paket dipecah-pecah menjadi beberapa bagian, ada field yang menyimpan urutan antar paket dan field tersebut tidak terpakai ketika paket tidak terpecah-pecah. Sedangkan pada IPv6, ketika merancang header paket ini, diupayakan agar cost pemrosesan header dapat menjadi lebih kecil dengan mencatat address awal dan address akhir yang menjadi kebutuhan setiap paket.
Header pada IPv6 sendiri terdiri dari dua jenis, diantaranya :
Header dari IPv6 memiliki field label air (flow-label). Label ini digunakan untuk meminta agar paket tersebut diberi perlakuan tertentu oleh router saat dalam pengiriman. Dengan kata lain label ini dapat memberi tanda jenis dari paket tersebut. Misal, pada suara atau gambar bergerak (motion picture) sedapat mungkin ditransfer secepatnya wlaupun kualitasnya sedikit berkurang. Sedangkan E-mail ataupun WWW lebih memerlukan keakuratan daripada sifat realtime.
Router mengelola skala prioritas maupun resource seperti kapasitas komunikasi atau kemampuan memproses, dengan berdasar pada label air ini. Jika pada IPv4 seluruh paket diperlakukan sama, maka pada IPv6 ini dengan perlakuan berbeda terhadap tiap paket, tergantung dari isi paket tersebut, dapat diwujudkan komuniasi yang aplikatif.
Terima Kasih, semoga bermanfaat.. by +Ipv4 to Ipv6
Pada header IPv4, ketika paket dipecah-pecah menjadi beberapa bagian, ada field yang menyimpan urutan antar paket dan field tersebut tidak terpakai ketika paket tidak terpecah-pecah. Sedangkan pada IPv6, ketika merancang header paket ini, diupayakan agar cost pemrosesan header dapat menjadi lebih kecil dengan mencatat address awal dan address akhir yang menjadi kebutuhan setiap paket.
Header pada IPv6 sendiri terdiri dari dua jenis, diantaranya :
- Header dasar, yaitu field yang dibutuhkan setiap paket.
- Header tambahan (ekstensi), yaitu field yang tidak selalu diperlukan pada sebuah paket. Header ini didefinisikan terpisah dari header dasar.
Header dari IPv6 memiliki field label air (flow-label). Label ini digunakan untuk meminta agar paket tersebut diberi perlakuan tertentu oleh router saat dalam pengiriman. Dengan kata lain label ini dapat memberi tanda jenis dari paket tersebut. Misal, pada suara atau gambar bergerak (motion picture) sedapat mungkin ditransfer secepatnya wlaupun kualitasnya sedikit berkurang. Sedangkan E-mail ataupun WWW lebih memerlukan keakuratan daripada sifat realtime.
Router mengelola skala prioritas maupun resource seperti kapasitas komunikasi atau kemampuan memproses, dengan berdasar pada label air ini. Jika pada IPv4 seluruh paket diperlakukan sama, maka pada IPv6 ini dengan perlakuan berbeda terhadap tiap paket, tergantung dari isi paket tersebut, dapat diwujudkan komuniasi yang aplikatif.
Terima Kasih, semoga bermanfaat.. by +Ipv4 to Ipv6
What is Listener Configuration File? and Configuring and Administering Oracle Net Listener.
What is Listener Configuration File?
Listener is a process that resides on the server whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server.
Every time a client requests a network session with a server, a listener receives the actual request. If the client information matches the listener information, then the listener grants a connection to the server.
listener.ora file.
Listener is a process that resides on the server whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server.
Every time a client requests a network session with a server, a listener receives the actual request. If the client information matches the listener information, then the listener grants a connection to the server.
listener.ora file.
Assumptions
The example files below are relevant for an Oracle installation and instance with the following values.Parameter | Value |
---|---|
HOST | hostname |
ORACLE_HOME | /u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0 |
ORACLE_SID | ORCL |
DOMAIN | world |
Listener.ora
The listerner.ora file contains server side network configuration parameters. It can be found in the "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin" directory on the server. Here is an example of a listener.ora file from Windows 2000.After the "listener.ora" file is amended the listener should be restarted or reloaded to allow the new configuation to take effect.LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hostname)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL.WORLD)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
C:> lsnrctl stop
C:> lsnrctl start
C:> lsnrctl reload
Tnsnames.ora
The "tnsnames.ora" file contains client side network configuration parameters. It can be found in the "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin" or "$ORACLE_HOME/net80/admin" directory on the client. This file will also be present on the server if client style connections are used on the server itself. Here is an example of a "tnsnames.ora" file.ORCL.WORLD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hostname)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL.WORLD)
)
)
Sqlnet.ora
The "sqlnet.ora" file contains client side network configuration parameters. It can be found in the "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin" or "$ORACLE_HOME/net80/admin" directory on the client. This file will also be present on the server if client style connections are used on the server itself. Here is an example of an "sqlnet.ora" file.NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME)
NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = WORLD
# The following entry is necessary on Windows if OS authentication is required.
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
Testing
Once the files are present in the correct location and amended as necessary the configuration can be tested using SQL*Plus by attempting to connect to the database using the appropriate username (SCOTT), password (TIGER) and service (ORCL).$ sqlplus scott/tiger@orcl
1. Set a global_name for the database
When creating a database with 'Oracle Database Configuration Assistant' (DBCA) specify a new, unique global_name.
In the example below I'm using the domain ".ss64.com" you should change this for your own domain name:
Many small and medium sized companies do everything under a single domain name, in which case these global names may seem like unnecessary work but if you do end up managing multiple domains at some point in the future (e.g. if your company is merged with another company) then having global names in place will make things much easier to manage.
To change the Global_Name of an existing database:
ALTER DATABASE rename global_name to demo.example.com;
2. Configure the Listener
Run 'Oracle Net Manager' on the server, choose Database Services - Add Database and fill in the global_name.
If this fails to work, rename Listener.ora to Listener.OLD and then run 'Oracle Net Manager' again.
File, Save will save this configuration into the Listener.ora file.
Then load Listener.ora into memory to make the settings active
From the OS command line LSNRCTL reload
Alternatively stop and start the listener completely:
LSNRCTL stop
LSNRCTL start
Congratulations to Tadge Juechter - Automobile Magazine's Man of the Year
Below is me on the right and on the left is Tadge Juechter, Chief Engineer of Corvette and Automobile Magazine of the Year What an incredible engineer and just a great guy! I spoke to Tadge for 15 minutes at Corvettes at Carlisle which I was a thrill of a lifetime for me.
What is a database management system?
Stands for "Database Management System." In short, a DBMS is a database program. Technically speaking, it is a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data. The DBMS manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs.
Some DBMS examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker, Oracle, RDBMS, dBASE, Clipper,
Or
Database Management Systems has quickly become one of the leading texts for database courses, known for its practical emphasis and comprehensive coverage. The third edition features new material on database application development, with a focus on Internet applications. The hands-on approach introduces students to current standards, including JDBC, XML, and 3-tier application architectures. A new, flexible organization allows instructors to teach either an applications-oriented course or an introductory systems-oriented course
Database Management
Increase DBA productivity by 80% and reduce database testing time by 90%. Oracle revolutionized the field of enterprise database management systems with the release of Oracle Database 10g by introducing the industry’s first self-management capabilities built right into the database kernel. Today, after several releases and continuous improvement of this intelligent management infrastructure, Oracle Database provides the most extensive self-management capabilities in the industry, ranging from zero-overhead instrumentation to integrated self-healing and business-driven management. Oracle’s Database management capabilities make DBA lives easier by providing a full-lifecycle solution encompassing change and configuration management, patching, provisioning, testing, masking/subsetting, performance management and automatic tuning.
Some DBMS examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker, Oracle, RDBMS, dBASE, Clipper,
Or
Database Management Systems has quickly become one of the leading texts for database courses, known for its practical emphasis and comprehensive coverage. The third edition features new material on database application development, with a focus on Internet applications. The hands-on approach introduces students to current standards, including JDBC, XML, and 3-tier application architectures. A new, flexible organization allows instructors to teach either an applications-oriented course or an introductory systems-oriented course
Database Management
Increase DBA productivity by 80% and reduce database testing time by 90%. Oracle revolutionized the field of enterprise database management systems with the release of Oracle Database 10g by introducing the industry’s first self-management capabilities built right into the database kernel. Today, after several releases and continuous improvement of this intelligent management infrastructure, Oracle Database provides the most extensive self-management capabilities in the industry, ranging from zero-overhead instrumentation to integrated self-healing and business-driven management. Oracle’s Database management capabilities make DBA lives easier by providing a full-lifecycle solution encompassing change and configuration management, patching, provisioning, testing, masking/subsetting, performance management and automatic tuning.[Fail2Ban] SSH: banned 220.181.82.213
Hi,
The IP 220.181.82.213 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 220.181.82.213:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[whois.apnic.net]
% [whois.apnic.net]
% Whois data copyright terms http://www.apnic.net/db/dbcopyright.html
% Information related to '220.181.0.0 - 220.181.255.255'
inetnum: 220.181.0.0 - 220.181.255.255
netname: CHINANET-IDC-BJ
country: CN
descr: CHINANET Beijing province network
descr: China Telecom
descr: No.31,jingrong street
descr: Beijing 100032
admin-c: CH93-AP
tech-c: HC55-AP
remarks: hostmaster is not for spam complaint,
remarks: please send spam complaint to anti-spam@ns.chinanet.cn.net
mnt-by: MAINT-CHINANET
mnt-lower: MAINT-CHINATELECOM-BJ
status: ALLOCATED NON-PORTABLE
changed: hostmaster@ns.chinanet.cn.net 20030620
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20050715
source: APNIC
person: Chinanet Hostmaster
nic-hdl: CH93-AP
e-mail: anti-spam@ns.chinanet.cn.net
address: No.31 ,jingrong street,beijing
address: 100032
phone: +86-10-58501724
fax-no: +86-10-58501724
country: CN
changed: dingsy@cndata.com 20070416
mnt-by: MAINT-CHINANET
source: APNIC
person: Hostmaster of Beijing Telecom corporation CHINA TELECOM
nic-hdl: HC55-AP
e-mail: bjnic@bjtelecom.net
address: Beijing Telecom
address: No. 107 XiDan Beidajie, Xicheng District Beijing
phone: +86-010-58503461
fax-no: +86-010-58503054
country: cn
changed: bjnic@bjtelecom.net 20040115
mnt-by: MAINT-CHINATELECOM-BJ
source: APNIC
% This query was served by the APNIC Whois Service version 1.69.1-APNICv1r0 (WHOIS3)
Regards,
Fail2Ban
The IP 220.181.82.213 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 220.181.82.213:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[whois.apnic.net]
% [whois.apnic.net]
% Whois data copyright terms http://www.apnic.net/db/dbcopyright.html
% Information related to '220.181.0.0 - 220.181.255.255'
inetnum: 220.181.0.0 - 220.181.255.255
netname: CHINANET-IDC-BJ
country: CN
descr: CHINANET Beijing province network
descr: China Telecom
descr: No.31,jingrong street
descr: Beijing 100032
admin-c: CH93-AP
tech-c: HC55-AP
remarks: hostmaster is not for spam complaint,
remarks: please send spam complaint to anti-spam@ns.chinanet.cn.net
mnt-by: MAINT-CHINANET
mnt-lower: MAINT-CHINATELECOM-BJ
status: ALLOCATED NON-PORTABLE
changed: hostmaster@ns.chinanet.cn.net 20030620
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20050715
source: APNIC
person: Chinanet Hostmaster
nic-hdl: CH93-AP
e-mail: anti-spam@ns.chinanet.cn.net
address: No.31 ,jingrong street,beijing
address: 100032
phone: +86-10-58501724
fax-no: +86-10-58501724
country: CN
changed: dingsy@cndata.com 20070416
mnt-by: MAINT-CHINANET
source: APNIC
person: Hostmaster of Beijing Telecom corporation CHINA TELECOM
nic-hdl: HC55-AP
e-mail: bjnic@bjtelecom.net
address: Beijing Telecom
address: No. 107 XiDan Beidajie, Xicheng District Beijing
phone: +86-010-58503461
fax-no: +86-010-58503054
country: cn
changed: bjnic@bjtelecom.net 20040115
mnt-by: MAINT-CHINATELECOM-BJ
source: APNIC
% This query was served by the APNIC Whois Service version 1.69.1-APNICv1r0 (WHOIS3)
Regards,
Fail2Ban
[Fail2Ban] SSH: banned 221.203.71.132
Hi,
The IP 221.203.71.132 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 221.203.71.132:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[whois.apnic.net]
% [whois.apnic.net]
% Whois data copyright terms http://www.apnic.net/db/dbcopyright.html
% Information related to '221.200.0.0 - 221.203.255.255'
inetnum: 221.200.0.0 - 221.203.255.255
netname: UNICOM-LN
descr: China Unicom Liaoning Province Network
descr: China Unicom
country: CN
admin-c: CH1302-AP
tech-c: GZ84-AP
mnt-by: APNIC-HM
mnt-lower: MAINT-CNCGROUP-LN
mnt-routes: MAINT-CNCGROUP-RR
status: ALLOCATED PORTABLE
mnt-irt: IRT-CU-CN
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20030612
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20060126
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20090508
source: APNIC
irt: IRT-CU-CN
address: No.21,Jin-Rong Street
address: Beijing,100140
address: P.R.China
e-mail: zhouxm@chinaunicom.cn
abuse-mailbox: zhouxm@chinaunicom.cn
admin-c: CH1302-AP
tech-c: CH1302-AP
auth: # Filtered
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP
changed: zhouxm@chinaunicom.cn 20101110
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20101116
source: APNIC
person: ChinaUnicom Hostmaster
nic-hdl: CH1302-AP
e-mail: abuse@cnc-noc.net
address: No.21,Jin-Rong Street
address: Beijing,100033
address: P.R.China
phone: +86-10-66259764
fax-no: +86-10-66259764
country: CN
changed: abuse@cnc-noc.net 20090408
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP
source: APNIC
person: Guangyu Zhan
nic-hdl: GZ84-AP
e-mail: abuse@online.ln.cn
address: DATA Communication Bureau of Liaoning Province,China
address: 38 Lianhe Road,Dadong District Shenyang 110044,China
phone: +86-24-22800809
fax-no: +86-24-22800077
country: CN
changed: jinjl@lntelecom.com 20090803
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP-LN
source: APNIC
% Information related to '221.200.0.0/14AS4837'
route: 221.200.0.0/14
descr: CNC Group CHINA169 Liaoning Province Network
country: CN
origin: AS4837
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP-RR
changed: abuse@cnc-noc.net 20060118
source: APNIC
% This query was served by the APNIC Whois Service version 1.69.1-APNICv1r0 (WHOIS2)
Regards,
Fail2Ban
The IP 221.203.71.132 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 221.203.71.132:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[whois.apnic.net]
% [whois.apnic.net]
% Whois data copyright terms http://www.apnic.net/db/dbcopyright.html
% Information related to '221.200.0.0 - 221.203.255.255'
inetnum: 221.200.0.0 - 221.203.255.255
netname: UNICOM-LN
descr: China Unicom Liaoning Province Network
descr: China Unicom
country: CN
admin-c: CH1302-AP
tech-c: GZ84-AP
mnt-by: APNIC-HM
mnt-lower: MAINT-CNCGROUP-LN
mnt-routes: MAINT-CNCGROUP-RR
status: ALLOCATED PORTABLE
mnt-irt: IRT-CU-CN
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20030612
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20060126
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20090508
source: APNIC
irt: IRT-CU-CN
address: No.21,Jin-Rong Street
address: Beijing,100140
address: P.R.China
e-mail: zhouxm@chinaunicom.cn
abuse-mailbox: zhouxm@chinaunicom.cn
admin-c: CH1302-AP
tech-c: CH1302-AP
auth: # Filtered
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP
changed: zhouxm@chinaunicom.cn 20101110
changed: hm-changed@apnic.net 20101116
source: APNIC
person: ChinaUnicom Hostmaster
nic-hdl: CH1302-AP
e-mail: abuse@cnc-noc.net
address: No.21,Jin-Rong Street
address: Beijing,100033
address: P.R.China
phone: +86-10-66259764
fax-no: +86-10-66259764
country: CN
changed: abuse@cnc-noc.net 20090408
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP
source: APNIC
person: Guangyu Zhan
nic-hdl: GZ84-AP
e-mail: abuse@online.ln.cn
address: DATA Communication Bureau of Liaoning Province,China
address: 38 Lianhe Road,Dadong District Shenyang 110044,China
phone: +86-24-22800809
fax-no: +86-24-22800077
country: CN
changed: jinjl@lntelecom.com 20090803
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP-LN
source: APNIC
% Information related to '221.200.0.0/14AS4837'
route: 221.200.0.0/14
descr: CNC Group CHINA169 Liaoning Province Network
country: CN
origin: AS4837
mnt-by: MAINT-CNCGROUP-RR
changed: abuse@cnc-noc.net 20060118
source: APNIC
% This query was served by the APNIC Whois Service version 1.69.1-APNICv1r0 (WHOIS2)
Regards,
Fail2Ban
[Fail2Ban] SSH: banned 203.201.42.237
Hi,
The IP 203.201.42.237 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 203.201.42.237:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[Redirected to whois.twnic.net]
[Querying whois.twnic.net]
[whois.twnic.net]
Netname: APT-TW
Netblock: 203.201.32.0/20
Administrator contact:
adm@aptg.com.tw
Technical contact:
spam@aptg.com.tw
Regards,
Fail2Ban
The IP 203.201.42.237 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 203.201.42.237:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[Redirected to whois.twnic.net]
[Querying whois.twnic.net]
[whois.twnic.net]
Netname: APT-TW
Netblock: 203.201.32.0/20
Administrator contact:
adm@aptg.com.tw
Technical contact:
spam@aptg.com.tw
Regards,
Fail2Ban
[Fail2Ban] SSH: banned 211.42.249.127
Hi,
The IP 211.42.249.127 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 211.42.249.127:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[Redirected to whois.krnic.net]
[Querying whois.krnic.net]
[whois.krnic.net]
query : 211.42.249.127
# KOREAN(UTF8)
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" 한êµì¸í„°ë„·ì§„í¥ì›ìœ¼ë¡œë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 211.42.224.0 - 211.42.255.255 (/19)
서비스명 : BORANET
기ê´ëª… : 주ì&lsqauo;회사 ì—˜ì§ìœ í"ŒëŸ¬ìФ
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG572
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길 30 (남ëŒë¬¸ë¡œ5ê°)
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ì¼ì : 20030613
[ IPv4주소 ì±…ì„ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ IPv4주소 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ 스팸 해킹 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : Network Abuse ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-2089-0101
ì „ììš°í¸ : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" ìœ„ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ì로ë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ 사용ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 211.42.248.0 - 211.42.251.255 (/22)
ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ì´ë¦„ : BORANET-INFRA
기ê´ëª… : 주ì&lsqauo;회사 ì—˜ì§ìœ í"ŒëŸ¬ìФ
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG572
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë‚´ì— ë"±ë¡ì¼ : 20110215
ê³µê°œì—¬ë¶ : N
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
기ê´ëª… : BORANET
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
# ENGLISH
KRNIC is not an ISP but a National Internet Registry similar to APNIC.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 211.42.224.0 - 211.42.255.255 (/19)
Service Name : BORANET
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Organization ID : ORG572
Address : 827, Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
Registration Date : 20030613
[ Admin Contact Information ]
Name : IP Administrator
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Tech Contact Information ]
Name : IP ADMIN
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Network Abuse Contact Information ]
Name : Network Abuse
Phone : +82-2-2089-0101
E-Mail : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More specific assignment information is as follows.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 211.42.248.0 - 211.42.251.255 (/22)
Network Name : BORANET-INFRA
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Organization ID : ORG572
Address : Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
Registration Date : 20110215
Publishes : N
[ Technical Contact Information ]
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Address : Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
- KISA/KRNIC Whois Service -
Regards,
Fail2Ban
The IP 211.42.249.127 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 211.42.249.127:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[Redirected to whois.krnic.net]
[Querying whois.krnic.net]
[whois.krnic.net]
query : 211.42.249.127
# KOREAN(UTF8)
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" 한êµì¸í„°ë„·ì§„í¥ì›ìœ¼ë¡œë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 211.42.224.0 - 211.42.255.255 (/19)
서비스명 : BORANET
기ê´ëª… : 주ì&lsqauo;회사 ì—˜ì§ìœ í"ŒëŸ¬ìФ
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG572
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길 30 (남ëŒë¬¸ë¡œ5ê°)
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ì¼ì : 20030613
[ IPv4주소 ì±…ì„ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ IPv4주소 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ 스팸 해킹 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : Network Abuse ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-2089-0101
ì „ììš°í¸ : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" ìœ„ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ì로ë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ 사용ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 211.42.248.0 - 211.42.251.255 (/22)
ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ì´ë¦„ : BORANET-INFRA
기ê´ëª… : 주ì&lsqauo;회사 ì—˜ì§ìœ í"ŒëŸ¬ìФ
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG572
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë‚´ì— ë"±ë¡ì¼ : 20110215
ê³µê°œì—¬ë¶ : N
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
기ê´ëª… : BORANET
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
# ENGLISH
KRNIC is not an ISP but a National Internet Registry similar to APNIC.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 211.42.224.0 - 211.42.255.255 (/19)
Service Name : BORANET
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Organization ID : ORG572
Address : 827, Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
Registration Date : 20030613
[ Admin Contact Information ]
Name : IP Administrator
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Tech Contact Information ]
Name : IP ADMIN
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Network Abuse Contact Information ]
Name : Network Abuse
Phone : +82-2-2089-0101
E-Mail : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More specific assignment information is as follows.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 211.42.248.0 - 211.42.251.255 (/22)
Network Name : BORANET-INFRA
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Organization ID : ORG572
Address : Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
Registration Date : 20110215
Publishes : N
[ Technical Contact Information ]
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Address : Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
- KISA/KRNIC Whois Service -
Regards,
Fail2Ban
[Fail2Ban] SSH: banned 188.190.98.6
Hi,
The IP 188.190.98.6 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
6 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 188.190.98.6:
[Querying whois.arin.net]
[Redirected to whois.ripe.net:43]
[Querying whois.ripe.net]
[whois.ripe.net]
% This is the RIPE Database query service.
% The objects are in RPSL format.
%
% The RIPE Database is subject to Terms and Conditions.
% See http://www.ripe.net/db/support/db-terms-conditions.pdf
% Note: this output has been filtered.
% To receive output for a database update, use the "-B" flag.
% Information related to '188.190.96.0 - 188.190.127.255'
% Abuse contact for '188.190.96.0 - 188.190.127.255' is 'abusemail@infiumhost.com'
inetnum: 188.190.96.0 - 188.190.127.255
netname: INFIUM
descr: Infium LLC
descr: Datacenter Kharkov
country: UA
org: ORG-IL316-RIPE
admin-c: INF20-RIPE
tech-c: INF20-RIPE
status: ASSIGNED PI
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-lower: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-by: INFIUM-MNT
mnt-routes: INFIUM-MNT
mnt-domains: INFIUM-MNT
source: RIPE # Filtered
organisation: ORG-IL316-RIPE
org-name: Infium LLC
org-type: LIR
address: Infium LLC
address: Valerii Lolin
address: Traktorostroiteley 156/41 office 301
address: Kharkov
address: 61129
address: UKRAINE
phone: +380639797654
mnt-ref: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-ref: INFIUM-UAB-MNT
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
abuse-mailbox: abusemail@infiumhost.com
abuse-c: INF200-RIPE
source: RIPE # Filtered
person: Infium Ltd
address: 61129, Kharkov, Ukraine
address: Traktorostroiteley 156/41, office 301
phone: +380-931-700-701
abuse-mailbox: abusemail@infiumhost.com
remarks:
remarks: *************************************************
remarks: * For spam/abuse/security issues please contact *
remarks: * abusemail@infiumhost.com, not this address *
remarks: *************************************************
remarks:
nic-hdl: INF20-RIPE
mnt-by: INFIUM-MNT
source: RIPE # Filtered
% Information related to '188.190.98.0/24AS197145'
route: 188.190.98.0/24
descr: Infium LTD
origin: AS197145
mnt-by: INFIUM-MNT
source: RIPE # Filtered
% This query was served by the RIPE Database Query Service version 1.70.1 (WHOIS1)
Regards,
Fail2Ban
The IP 188.190.98.6 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
6 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 188.190.98.6:
[Querying whois.arin.net]
[Redirected to whois.ripe.net:43]
[Querying whois.ripe.net]
[whois.ripe.net]
% This is the RIPE Database query service.
% The objects are in RPSL format.
%
% The RIPE Database is subject to Terms and Conditions.
% See http://www.ripe.net/db/support/db-terms-conditions.pdf
% Note: this output has been filtered.
% To receive output for a database update, use the "-B" flag.
% Information related to '188.190.96.0 - 188.190.127.255'
% Abuse contact for '188.190.96.0 - 188.190.127.255' is 'abusemail@infiumhost.com'
inetnum: 188.190.96.0 - 188.190.127.255
netname: INFIUM
descr: Infium LLC
descr: Datacenter Kharkov
country: UA
org: ORG-IL316-RIPE
admin-c: INF20-RIPE
tech-c: INF20-RIPE
status: ASSIGNED PI
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-lower: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT
mnt-by: INFIUM-MNT
mnt-routes: INFIUM-MNT
mnt-domains: INFIUM-MNT
source: RIPE # Filtered
organisation: ORG-IL316-RIPE
org-name: Infium LLC
org-type: LIR
address: Infium LLC
address: Valerii Lolin
address: Traktorostroiteley 156/41 office 301
address: Kharkov
address: 61129
address: UKRAINE
phone: +380639797654
mnt-ref: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-ref: INFIUM-UAB-MNT
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
abuse-mailbox: abusemail@infiumhost.com
abuse-c: INF200-RIPE
source: RIPE # Filtered
person: Infium Ltd
address: 61129, Kharkov, Ukraine
address: Traktorostroiteley 156/41, office 301
phone: +380-931-700-701
abuse-mailbox: abusemail@infiumhost.com
remarks:
remarks: *************************************************
remarks: * For spam/abuse/security issues please contact *
remarks: * abusemail@infiumhost.com, not this address *
remarks: *************************************************
remarks:
nic-hdl: INF20-RIPE
mnt-by: INFIUM-MNT
source: RIPE # Filtered
% Information related to '188.190.98.0/24AS197145'
route: 188.190.98.0/24
descr: Infium LTD
origin: AS197145
mnt-by: INFIUM-MNT
source: RIPE # Filtered
% This query was served by the RIPE Database Query Service version 1.70.1 (WHOIS1)
Regards,
Fail2Ban
El Internet.
¿Que Es El Internet?

Origen Del Internet.
Sus orÃgenes se remontan a la década de 1960, dentro de ARPA (hoy DARPA), como respuesta a la necesidad de esta organización de buscar mejores maneras de usar los computadores de ese entonces, pero enfrentados al problema de que los principales investigadores y laboratorios deseaban tener sus propios computadores, lo que no sólo era más costoso, sino que provocaba una duplicación de esfuerzos y recursos.
Asà nace ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network o Red de la Agencia para los Proyectos de Investigación Avanzada de los Estados Unidos), que nos legó el trazado de una red inicial de comunicaciones de alta velocidad a la cual fueron integrándose otras instituciones gubernamentales y redes académicas durante los años 70.
Evolución Del Internet.
Inicialmente Internet tenÃa un objetivo claro. Se navegaba en Internet para algo muy concreto: búsquedas de información, generalmente.
Ahora quizás también, pero sin duda alguna hoy es más probable perderse en la red, debido al inmenso abanico de posibilidades que brinda. Hoy en dÃa, la sensación que produce Internet es un ruido, una serie de interferencias, una explosión de ideas distintas, de personas diferentes, de pensamientos distintos de tantas posibilidades que, en ocasiones, puede resultar excesivo.
El crecimiento o, más bien, la incorporación de tantas personas a la red hace que las calles de lo que en principio era una pequeña ciudad llamada Internet se conviertan en todo un planeta extremadamente conectado entre sÃ, entre todos sus miembros.
El hecho de que Internet haya aumentado tanto implica una mayor cantidad de relaciones virtuales entre personas. Es posible concluir que cuando una persona tenga una necesidad de conocimiento no escrito en libros, puede recurrir a una fuente más acorde a su necesidad, ahora esta fuente es posible en Internet.
Como toda gran revolución, Internet augura una nueva era de diferentes métodos de resolución de problemas creados a partir de soluciones anteriores.
Internet produce algo que todos han sentido alguna vez; produce la esperanza que es necesaria cuando se quiere conseguir algo. Es un despertar de intenciones que jamás antes la tecnologÃa habÃa logrado en la población mundial.
Para algunos usuarios, Internet genera una sensación de cercanÃa, empatÃa, comprensión y, a la vez, de confusión, discusión, lucha y conflictos que los mismos usuarios pueden considerar como la vida misma.
La evolución del internet radica en la migración de la versión y uso del IPv4 a IPv6.
IP es un protocolo que no está orientado a la conexión y no es completamente seguro en la transmisión de los datos, lo anterior permite que las conexiones inalámbricas tengan siempre movilidad. Por otro lado, para mejorar la confiabilidad se usa el protocolo TCP. El protocolo IP, es la forma en la que se enrutan los paquetes entre las redes. Cada nodo en cada una de las redes tiene una dirección IP diferente. Para garantizar un enrutamiento correcto, IP agrega su propio encabezado a los paquetes. Este proceso se apoya en tablas de enrutamiento que son actualizadas permanentemente. En caso de que el paquete de datos sea demasiado grande, el protocolo IP lo fragmenta para poderlo transportar. La versión que se está ocupando de este protocolo es la 4, donde se tiene conectividad, pero también ciertas restricciones de espacio. Es por eso que la grandes empresas provedoras del servicio de internet migraran a la versión IPv6.
La nueva versión del protocolo IP Internet Protocol recibe el nombre de IPv6, aunque es también conocido comúnmente como IPng Internet Protocol Next Generation. IPv6 ha sido diseñado como un paso evolutivo desde IPv4, por lo que no representa un cambio radical respecto IPv4. Las caracterÃsticas de IPv4 que trabajan correctamente se han mantenido en el nuevo protocolo, mientras que se han suprimido aquéllas que no funcionaban bien. De todos modos, los cambios que se introducen en esta nueva versión son muchos y de gran importancia debido a las bondades que ofrecen. A principios de 2010, quedaban menos del 10% de IPs sin asignar. En la semana del 3 de febrero del 2011, la IANA (Agencia Internacional de Asignación de Números de Internet, por sus siglas en inglés) entregó el último bloque de direcciones disponibles (33 millones) a la organización encargada de asignar IPs en Asia, un mercado que está en auge y no tardará en consumirlas todas. IPv4 posibilita 4,294,967,296 (232) direcciones de red diferentes, un número inadecuado para dar una dirección a cada persona del planeta, y mucho menos a cada vehÃculo, teléfono, PDA, etcétera. En cambio, IPv6 admite 340.282.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.768.211.456 (2128 o 340 sextillones de direcciones) —cerca de 6,7 × 1017 (670 milbillones) de direcciones por cada milÃmetro cuadrado de la superficie de La Tierra. Otra vÃa para la popularización del protocolo es la adopción de este por parte de instituciones. El Gobierno de los Estados Unidos ordenó el despliegue de IPv6 por todas sus agencias federales en el año 2008.
Proveedores De Internet o ISP.
Un proveedor de servicios de Internet (o ISP, por la sigla en inglés de Internet Service Provider) es una empresa que brinda conexión a Internet a sus clientes. Un ISP conecta a sus usuarios a Internet a través de diferentes tecnologÃas como DSL, Cablemódem, GSM, Dial-up.
Proveedores De Internet En La República Dominicana.
Entre Los Principales Están:
- Claro República Dominicana.
- Orange Dominicana.
- Tricom.
- Viva.
Tipos de Internet.
- Analógica.
- IDSN.
- B-IDSN.
- Cable.
- Conexión Inalámbrica.
Software De Internet.
Se pueden clasificar en:
- Aplicaciones web.
- Captura Web.
- Clientes de mensajerÃa instantánea.
- Clientes IRC.
- Software de compartición de archivos.
- FTP.
- Gestores de descargas.
- Motores de búsqueda de Internet.
- Navegadores web.
- Podcasts.
- Servidores de aplicaciones.
- Servidores web.
- Software para blogs.
- Software servidor de mensajerÃa instantánea.
- Voz sobre IP.
Normativas Del Internet.
Es un conjunto de normas en Internet que permiten una buena comunicación en foros, en chat, correo electrónico, messenger, www, FTP,news, listas y servidores públicos.
Dentro de las principales normas de comportamiento en Internet encontramos:
- No escribir en mayúsculas.
- No enviar virus.
- No aparentar lo que no es.
- Evitar enfrentamientos personales.
- No promocionar ventas.
- Planificar visitas a páginas de foros.
- Ingresar a sitios www fuera del horario normal.
- Controlar lo que escribo.
- En el correo no escribir lineas que contengan más de 80 caracteres.
- Ser amable con los miembros de un foro.
Niveles De Seguridad.
La seguridad ha sido el principal concerniente a tratar cuando una organización desea conectar su red privada al Internet. Sin tomar en cuenta el tipo de negocios, se ha incrementado el numero de usuarios de redes privadas por la demanda del acceso a los servicios de Internet tal es el caso del World Wide Web (WWW), Internet Mail (e-mail), Telnet, y File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Adicionalmente los corporativos buscan las ventajas que ofrecen las paginas en el WWW y los servidores FTP de acceso publico en el Internet.
Los administradores de red tienen que incrementar todo lo concerniente a la seguridad de sus sistemas, debido a que se expone la organización privada de sus datos asà como la infraestructura de sus red a los Expertos de Internet (Internet Crakers). Para superar estos temores y proveer el nivel de protección requerida, la organización necesita seguir una polÃtica de seguridad para prevenir el acceso no-autorizado de usuarios a los recursos propios de la red privada, y protegerse contra la exportación privada de información. TodavÃa, aun si una organización no esta conectada al Internet, esta deberÃa establecer una polÃtica de seguridad interna para administrar el acceso de usuarios a porciones de red y proteger sensitivamente la información secreta.
Correo Electrónico.
Correo electrónico (en inglés: e-mail), es un servicio de red que permite a los usuarios enviar y recibir mensajes y archivos rápidamente (también denominados mensajes electrónicos o cartas electrónicas) mediante sistemas de comunicación electrónicos.
Principalmente se usa este nombre para denominar al sistema que provee este servicio en Internet, mediante el protocolo SMTP, aunque por extensión también puede verse aplicado a sistemas análogos que usen otras tecnologÃas. Por medio de mensajes de correo electrónico se puede enviar, no solamente texto, sino todo tipo de documentos digitales dependiendo del sistema que se use. Su eficiencia, conveniencia y bajo coste están logrando que el correo electrónico desplace al correo ordinario para muchos usos habituales.
Principales proveedores de servicios de correo electrónico gratuito:
- Gmail: webmail, POP3 e IMAP.
- Outlook.com: webmail y POP3.
- Yahoo! Mail: webmail y POP3 con publicidad.
FTP.
FTP (siglas en inglés de File Transfer Protocol, 'Protocolo de Transferencia de Archivos') en informática, es un protocolo de red para la transferencia de archivos entre sistemas conectados a una red TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), basado en la arquitectura cliente-servidor. Desde un equipo cliente se puede conectar a un servidor para descargar archivos desde él o para enviarle archivos, independientemente del sistema operativo utilizado en cada equipo.
[Fail2Ban] SSH: banned 58.150.33.164
Hi,
The IP 58.150.33.164 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 58.150.33.164:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[Redirected to whois.krnic.net]
[Querying whois.krnic.net]
[whois.krnic.net]
query : 58.150.33.164
# KOREAN(UTF8)
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" 한êµì¸í„°ë„·ì§„í¥ì›ìœ¼ë¡œë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 58.150.0.0 - 58.151.255.255 (/15)
서비스명 : BORANET
기ê´ëª… : 주ì&lsqauo;회사 ì—˜ì§ìœ í"ŒëŸ¬ìФ
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG572
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길 30 (남ëŒë¬¸ë¡œ5ê°)
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ì¼ì : 20050527
[ IPv4주소 ì±…ì„ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ IPv4주소 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ 스팸 해킹 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : Network Abuse ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-2089-0101
ì „ììš°í¸ : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" ìœ„ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ì로ë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ 사용ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 58.150.33.128 - 58.150.33.255 (/25)
ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ì´ë¦„ : BORA4069849C
기ê´ëª… : 미션#1ì¥ë¯¸ì›ì
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG807469
주소 : 서울ì&lsqauo;œ ê°•ë¶êµ¬ ì˜ìœ 6ë™
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 142-882
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë‚´ì— ë"±ë¡ì¼ : 20061110
ê³µê°œì—¬ë¶ : N
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
기ê´ëª… : 미션#1ì¥ë¯¸ì›ì
주소 : 서울ì&lsqauo;œ ê°•ë¶êµ¬ ì˜ìœ 6ë™
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 142-882
ì „ììš°í¸ : b4069849@users.bora.net
# ENGLISH
KRNIC is not an ISP but a National Internet Registry similar to APNIC.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 58.150.0.0 - 58.151.255.255 (/15)
Service Name : BORANET
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Organization ID : ORG572
Address : 827, Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
Registration Date : 20050527
[ Admin Contact Information ]
Name : IP Administrator
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Tech Contact Information ]
Name : IP ADMIN
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Network Abuse Contact Information ]
Name : Network Abuse
Phone : +82-2-2089-0101
E-Mail : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More specific assignment information is as follows.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 58.150.33.128 - 58.150.33.255 (/25)
Network Name : BORA4069849C
Organization Name : .
Organization ID : ORG807469
Address : SEOUL Kangbuk-gu Suyu6-dong
Zip Code : 142-882
Registration Date : 20061110
Publishes : N
[ Technical Contact Information ]
Organization Name : .
Address : SEOUL Kangbuk-gu Suyu6-dong
Zip Code : 142-882
E-Mail : b4069849@users.bora.net
- KISA/KRNIC Whois Service -
Regards,
Fail2Ban
The IP 58.150.33.164 has just been banned by Fail2Ban after
5 attempts against SSH.
Here are more information about 58.150.33.164:
[Querying whois.apnic.net]
[Redirected to whois.krnic.net]
[Querying whois.krnic.net]
[whois.krnic.net]
query : 58.150.33.164
# KOREAN(UTF8)
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" 한êµì¸í„°ë„·ì§„í¥ì›ìœ¼ë¡œë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 58.150.0.0 - 58.151.255.255 (/15)
서비스명 : BORANET
기ê´ëª… : 주ì&lsqauo;회사 ì—˜ì§ìœ í"ŒëŸ¬ìФ
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG572
주소 : 서울특별ì&lsqauo;œ ì¤'구 소ì›"로2길 30 (남ëŒë¬¸ë¡œ5ê°)
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 100-095
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ì¼ì : 20050527
[ IPv4주소 ì±…ì„ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ IPv4주소 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : IP주소ê´ë¦¬ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-6928-3087
ì „ììš°í¸ : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ 스팸 해킹 ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
ì´ë¦„ : Network Abuse ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì
ì „í™"ë²í˜¸ : +82-2-2089-0101
ì „ììš°í¸ : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
조회하ì&lsqauo; IPv4주소ëŠ" ìœ„ì˜ ê´ë¦¬ëŒí–‰ì로ë¶í„° ì•„ë˜ì˜ 사용ìì—게 í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë˜ì—으며, í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ëŠ" ë&lsqauo;¤ìŒê³¼ 같습ë&lsqauo;ë&lsqauo;¤.
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ í• ë&lsqauo;¹ ì •ë³´ ]
IPv4주소 : 58.150.33.128 - 58.150.33.255 (/25)
ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ì´ë¦„ : BORA4069849C
기ê´ëª… : 미션#1ì¥ë¯¸ì›ì
기ê´ê³ ìœ ë²í˜¸ : ORG807469
주소 : 서울ì&lsqauo;œ ê°•ë¶êµ¬ ì˜ìœ 6ë™
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 142-882
í• ë&lsqauo;¹ë‚´ì— ë"±ë¡ì¼ : 20061110
ê³µê°œì—¬ë¶ : N
[ ë„¤íŠ¸ì›Œí¬ ë&lsqauo;´ë&lsqauo;¹ì ì •ë³´ ]
기ê´ëª… : 미션#1ì¥ë¯¸ì›ì
주소 : 서울ì&lsqauo;œ ê°•ë¶êµ¬ ì˜ìœ 6ë™
ìš°í¸ë²í˜¸ : 142-882
ì „ììš°í¸ : b4069849@users.bora.net
# ENGLISH
KRNIC is not an ISP but a National Internet Registry similar to APNIC.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 58.150.0.0 - 58.151.255.255 (/15)
Service Name : BORANET
Organization Name : LG DACOM Corporation
Organization ID : ORG572
Address : 827, Seoul Jung-gu Sowol-ro 2-gil
Zip Code : 100-095
Registration Date : 20050527
[ Admin Contact Information ]
Name : IP Administrator
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Tech Contact Information ]
Name : IP ADMIN
Phone : +82-2-6928-3087
E-Mail : ipadm@lguplus.co.kr
[ Network Abuse Contact Information ]
Name : Network Abuse
Phone : +82-2-2089-0101
E-Mail : security@bora.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More specific assignment information is as follows.
[ Network Information ]
IPv4 Address : 58.150.33.128 - 58.150.33.255 (/25)
Network Name : BORA4069849C
Organization Name : .
Organization ID : ORG807469
Address : SEOUL Kangbuk-gu Suyu6-dong
Zip Code : 142-882
Registration Date : 20061110
Publishes : N
[ Technical Contact Information ]
Organization Name : .
Address : SEOUL Kangbuk-gu Suyu6-dong
Zip Code : 142-882
E-Mail : b4069849@users.bora.net
- KISA/KRNIC Whois Service -
Regards,
Fail2Ban
Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Server 2008 R2 Active Directory
1. Creating Active Directory Domain


2. Administrating Active Directory Domain services



3. Administrating User Account



4. Managing Group



5. Configuring computer account



6. Implementing a group policy infrastructure





7. Managing Enterprise security & configuration with group policy seating.




8. Improving the Security of Authentication in an AD DS Domain







Configuring windows server 2008 R2 Network Infrastructure
1. Understanding and Configuring TCP/IP




2. Configuring Name Resolution





3. Configuring a DNS Zone Infrastructure



4. Creating a DHCP Infrastructure



5. Configuring IP Routing



6. Protecting Network Traffic with Ipse



7. Connecting to Networks




8. Configuring Windows Firewall and Network Access Protection




9. Managing Software Updates


10. Monitoring Computers



11. Managing Files




12. Managing Printers

