What is HUB and how do two PC communicates using HUB

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">A Hub is simple device used to connect two computers or more then two computers to enable communication between them. In other words a Hub is a multiport repeater which sends the data to other network. Now let us understand one basic network to understand the function of hub.<br /><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ZgLRwjG_B8DMykKNOgDOLwtLJNolpOTZXPAZdMSUq2TO0RCkpOZtA5CrAptKkuiCzB3EJyHQGiXCe48ETiU9sfdg20GyHOX0hYLaecKWyZG4H9A_-LVtuvxjwH_Ry52SZSy2lDkWqlXw/s1600-h/Basic%252520Network%252520with%252520Hub%25255B4%25255D.png"><img alt="Basic Network with Hub" border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkRVfWP3oZNqSXqG3IlS1EfToNfjQ6f27TqGMn8KI8EUOn2XqEkmA2herahNUTdI9Mbbv5OxcKDKU79pcOxtYxQpg8bwhSgjWtL_kQTBJU0vuhxIlHDUthLHsTnCYV4hoc-J_n9RhGWMbs/?imgmax=800" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Basic Network with Hub" width="644" /></a> <em>Basic Network using Hub</em></div><div align="justify">As shown in the figure two computers lets say <span style="color: blue;">Sid </span>and <span style="color: blue;">Melly</span> are connected to each other with the help of HUB. Now for example if <span style="color: blue;">Sid</span> wants to communicate with <span style="color: blue;">Melly</span> then what will he do ? Sid doesn't even know the IP address of <span style="color: blue;">Melly </span>then how will he able to communicate? There are lots of question about communication taking place between them. </div><div align="justify">Now <span style="color: blue;">Sid</span> knows only two things, first is <strong>IP Address</strong> of himself that  is <strong><span style="color: red;">192.168.10.2</span></strong> and <strong>MAC Address</strong>(Hardware Address that is given by the company) of himself that is <span style="color: red;"><strong>00:3b:4c:00:34:cc</strong><span style="color: #555555;"><strong>. IP Address </strong>of <span style="color: blue;">Melly</span> is </span><span style="color: red;"><strong>192.168.10.3</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong> </strong></span></span><span style="color: #555555;">and <strong>MAC Address</strong> is </span><span style="color: red;"><strong>00:3b:5c:11:as:cc </strong></span><span style="color: #555555;">as shown in the figure. But these Addresses of <span style="color: blue;">Melly</span> are not seen or known by <span style="color: blue;">Sid</span>. </span></div><div align="justify">So now what <span style="color: blue;">Sid</span> will do is, he will just send message “<strong>Hi, Melly</strong>” to the HUB. He is actually not knowing that where his data/message is going. Now when the message reaches HUB , and now what is HUB going to do is it will broadcast the message sent by the <span style="color: blue;">Sid</span>(Source) to all the Computers attached to its port. </div><div align="justify"><blockquote><div align="left"><strong>Source  </strong>                     <strong>Destination</strong></div><div align="left">192.168.10.2            192.168.10.255</div></blockquote></div><div align="justify">So as shown above <span style="color: blue;">Sid’s</span> message will be broadcasted to all the Computers attached to the HUB, because HUB will consider the <strong>Destination Address</strong> as <strong><span style="color: red;">192.168.10.255</span></strong>. Now as data is sent to all the computers, <span style="color: blue;">Melly </span>will also receive it. And all other computer will also receive the same, but now out of all the person whose name is <span style="color: blue;">Melly</span> will send back the Message with its <strong>IP Address</strong> as well as its <strong>MAC Address</strong> to the Source. </div><div align="justify">( Actually <span style="color: blue;">Sid’s</span> IP Address and his MAC Address will be broadcasted like follows</div><div align="justify"><blockquote><strong>source          </strong>: 192.168.10.2(00:3b:4c:00:34:cc) <br /><strong>Destination</strong>: 192.168.10.255(FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF)</blockquote></div><div align="justify">)</div><div align="justify">So in this way <span style="color: blue;">Sid</span> can come to know the IP Address of <span style="color: blue;">Melly</span>. <span style="color: blue;">Melly </span>will send <strong>ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)</strong> to the <span style="color: blue;">Sid</span>, and it will be containing the IP Address of her and also MAC Address. So now the Destination for the <span style="color: blue;">Melly </span>will be <span style="color: blue;">Sid’s</span> <strong>IP Address</strong> and <strong>MAC Address</strong> to send <strong>ARP</strong>.</div><div align="justify"><blockquote><strong>Source                                                           Destination</strong><br />192.168.10.3(00:3b:5c:11:as:cc)             192.168.10.2(00:3b:4c:00:34:cc)</blockquote></div><div align="justify">Now both of them are having the things they need to communicate with each other. This is how communication take place in HUB.</div><h3 align="justify"></h3><h3 align="justify">Disadvantages of HUB</h3><ul><li> <div align="justify">It is Layer 1 device </div></li><li> <div align="justify">Cannot break Broadcast Domain as well as Collision Domain</div></li><li> <div align="justify">Low Bandwidth</div></li><li> <div align="justify">High Traffic of data</div></li></ul><h3 align="justify">Reason of Collision and high Traffic while using HUB</h3><div align="justify">Suppose that one network is created using HUB. Assume, in that network 50 computers are connected via HUB. Now if all of them starts sending data at a same time then HUB will broadcast all the data to each of the computer connected to its port. So main reason to this traffic and collision is the broadcast. If the number of computer increases in the network traffic will increase and whole network can go down. That is why Bridges and Switches came in market to resolve this kind of problem of the HUB.</div><blockquote><div align="justify"><strong>Important Point about HUB: </strong><span style="color: red;">HUB works with one Broadcast Domain as well as one Collision Domain</span></div></blockquote></div>

What is HUB and how do two PC communicates using HUB

A Hub is simple device used to connect two computers or more then two computers to enable communication between them. In other words a Hub i...

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